🧬 Some of the most important architects of infant health are too small to see — yet they quietly shape lifelong well‑being.​ ​ In this episode of Milestones in Pediatric Nutrition, Prof. Andrew Prentice speaks with Prof. Hania Szajewska, a leading voice in evidence‑based probiotics, prebiotics, and early‑life nutrition. Together, they unpack how an infant’s gut microbiota forms in the very first days of life — and why defining what truly counts as a probiotic or prebiotic under #ISAPP standards matters.​ ​ Their conversation reveals how early influences — from mode of birth to feeding to antibiotic exposure — guide this delicate ecosystem, and how Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs) play a remarkable role by selectively nourishing bifidobacteria during a critical window of development.​ ​ From there, the story expands to what current evidence tells us : biotic‑supplemented formulas are safe, but benefits remain strain‑specific; yet in the right situations — like NEC (Necrotizing Enterocolitis) prevention or acute gastroenteritis — the right probiotic can make a real difference. The future, they note, lies in identifying which infants benefit most.​ ​ A compelling look at how tiny molecules and invisible organisms help shape lifelong health.​ ​ 🎧 Listen now:​ 🔗 Website: https://nes.tl/fcr5xp 📱 NNI365 App: https://nes.tl/ra3rr0 #NNI #MilestonesInPediatricNutrition #Biotics #Probiotics #Prebiotics #HMOs #EarlyLifeScience #InfantGutHealth #PediatricNutrition